A complete battery assembly made from cells or modules, usually the practical unit installed, replaced, serviced, or traced in downstream workflows.
Battery pack is where battery architecture becomes operational for installation, service, replacement, logistics, and passport routing. It is often the unit a downstream actor can identify and handle, even when evidence originates at cell, module, model, or batch level. It is the complete unit assembled from cell or module layers, but it is still a data level rather than a substitute for cell, module, batch, or item records.
The EU Battery Regulation includes packs within the broad battery definition, but pack-level records should still preserve links to underlying cells/modules and to the host product or application. A pack is not automatically the same granularity as a unique product identifier or passport item.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries
any set of battery cells or modules that are connected together or encapsulated within an outer casing, to form a complete unit which is not meant to be split up or opened by the end-user;
Reference: Article 3, point 2
The Batteries and Accumulators (Placing on the Market) Regulations 2008
any set of batteries or accumulators that are connected together or encapsulated within an outer casing so as to form a complete unit that the end-user is not intended to split up or open.
Direct UK regulation definition from the interpretation provision for placing batteries and accumulators on the market.
Reference: Regulation 2(1)
The Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009
a set of batteries that are connected together or encapsulated within an outer casing so as to form a complete unit that the end-user is not intended to split up or open.
Direct UK regulation definition from the interpretation provision for waste-battery producer responsibility and collection/recycling obligations.
Reference: Regulation 2(1)
Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022
any set or module of cells and/or Battery that are connected or encapsulated within an outer casing so as to form a complete unit that the end-user is not intended to split up or open;
Rule 3(1)(d) of the India Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022. India-specific source layer; compare with other jurisdictions before reusing as a general definition.
Reference: Rule 3(1)
Reviewed public draft page. Aligns with high-priority battery section-role policy: plain working definition, concise source boundary, concrete implementation objects, and evidence-focused commentary.
Battery pack is the assembled battery unit that groups cells or modules into a usable product-level component. It sits above cell and module granularity, but below or inside the final product, vehicle, appliance, or system that uses it.
UK context: UK Batteries Placing on Market Regulations defines this term in UKSI 2008/2164. Keep this UK source layer separate from EU or other jurisdiction definitions where scope and obligations differ.
Implementation records should capture pack assembly identifier, module/cell composition, model, batch, producer, host product or vehicle, installation date, service event, replacement event, state data links, and evidence showing which lower-level components are covered by each pack record.
Battery pack is an assembly-level evidence node. It needs structured links down to modules and cells and up to the product or passport record so repairs, replacements, recalls, and lifecycle status changes remain traceable.