Glossary index

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A

  • active material

    EU Battery Regulation term for the material that chemically reacts to produce or store electric energy in a battery cell.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • actual emissions

    CBAM embedded-emissions data calculated from primary production-process evidence rather than default proxy values.

    CBAM emissions accounting · CBAM

  • adverse environmental impact

    A CSDDD environmental-impact trigger tied to the specific prohibitions and obligations listed in the Directive’s Annex.

    Environmental · CSDDD

  • adverse human rights impact

    A CSDDD human-rights impact trigger tied to rights and prohibitions listed in the Directive’s Annex and referenced international instruments.

    Human Rights · CSDDD

  • adverse impact

    CSDDD’s umbrella trigger for adverse environmental impacts and adverse human rights impacts that due-diligence systems must identify and address.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • agricultural plantation

    An EUDR land-use category for tree-based agricultural production systems, including commodity plantations, that is expressly excluded from forest.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • agricultural use

    Use of land for agriculture under EUDR, including agricultural plantations, set-aside agricultural areas, and livestock rearing.

    Technical · EUDR

  • annual consumption of strategic raw materials

    A CRMA demand metric for strategic raw materials consumed in processed form by Union-established undertakings.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • appropriate measures

    CSDDD’s proportionality standard for measures capable of addressing an adverse impact and calibrated to severity, likelihood, and circumstances.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • approved battery exporter

    A UK Waste Batteries Regulations term for an exporter approved under regulation 59.

    Administrative · UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • approved battery treatment operator

    A UK Waste Batteries Regulations term for a battery treatment operator approved under regulation 59.

    Administrative · UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • authorised CBAM declarant

    The CBAM-authorised actor responsible for lodging CBAM declarations and surrendering certificates, distinct from the customs declarant by default.

    CBAM actors & obligations · CBAM

  • authorised representative

    An EU-established person or entity with a written mandate to act on behalf of another economic actor for specified regulatory tasks.

    Administrative · CSDDD, ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EUDR

  • authorised representative for extended producer responsibility

    A natural or legal person established in a Member State where a producer places batteries on the market, mandated in writing to fulfil that producer’s EPR obligations there.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • authorised treatment facility

    A licensed facility authorised to carry out end-of-life vehicle treatment operations.

    Waste & Circularity · UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • automobile dismantler

    California Vehicle Code term for a person in the business of buying, selling, or dealing in registered vehicles for dismantling, parts, or used motor-vehicle parts.

    Waste & Circularity · California Vehicle Code Dismantler and Salvage Definitions, NSW Motor Vehicle Recycler Guidance

  • automotive battery

    A UK and India battery category for batteries used for automotive starter, lighting or ignition power.

    Technical · India Battery Waste Management Rules, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

B

  • batteries evidence note

    A UK Waste Batteries Regulations term for evidence issued by an approved battery treatment operator or approved battery exporter for accepted waste portable battery tonnage.

    Administrative · UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • battery

    A source-specific umbrella term for electrochemical energy-storage devices whose exact compliance meaning depends on jurisdiction, category, lifecycle status, and use case.

    Technical · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008, EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules, Ontario Batteries Regulation, UK Batteries Placing on Market Regulations, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • battery batch

    A production or logistics grouping used as a shared evidence layer for related item-level battery passports.

    Technical · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • battery cell

    A basic electrochemical unit of a battery, distinct from modules, packs, and finished battery systems.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, US 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit

  • battery chemistry

    The electrochemical composition family of a battery used in product, performance, safety, recycling, and passport-data contexts.

    Technical · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • battery collection site

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a site where used consumer batteries are collected for resource recovery.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • battery compliance scheme

    A UK Waste Batteries Regulations term for an approved battery compliance scheme that can organise producer-responsibility duties for waste batteries.

    Administrative · UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • battery due diligence

    EU Battery Regulation term for the management-system, risk-management, verification, and disclosure obligations tied to battery raw-material and secondary-raw-material supply chains.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • battery hauler

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a person arranging transport of used consumer batteries destined for processing, reuse, refurbishing, or disposal.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • battery item

    An individual physical battery unit used as the item-level identity anchor for a serialized battery passport.

    Technical · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • battery management system

    The EU Battery Regulation term for the electronic system controlling or managing battery safety, performance, service life, data storage, and communication.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • battery manufacturing waste

    Materials or objects rejected during the battery manufacturing process that cannot be re-used as an integral part of the same process and need to be recycled.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • battery materials

    India Battery Waste Management Rules term for materials contained in a battery, including metals such as nickel, cobalt, lead, and lithium plus other materials.

    Technical · India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • battery model

    A grouping term for batteries that share compliance-relevant technical characteristics and a model identifier.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • battery module

    An intermediate battery assembly made from cells and designed to sit inside a larger pack or battery system.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, US 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit

  • battery pack

    A complete battery assembly made from cells or modules, usually the practical unit installed, replaced, serviced, or traced in downstream workflows.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules, UK Batteries Placing on Market Regulations, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • battery passport

    A battery-specific electronic record that connects an individual battery to required identity, compliance, sustainability, performance, and lifecycle evidence.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation, Global Battery Alliance

  • battery passport service / battery passport platform

    The service or platform layer that operates battery-passport workflows, including hosting, processing, access management, and delivery infrastructure.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, Open Battery Passport

  • battery processor

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a person who processes used consumer batteries for resource recovery.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • battery producer registration number

    A UK Waste Batteries Regulations identifier allocated to a producer under regulation 28 or regulation 45.

    Administrative · UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • battery refurbisher

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a person who prepares or refurbishes used consumer batteries for reuse.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • battery status

    A controlled lifecycle-state field showing where an individual battery item sits in use, second life, repair, waste, or recycling workflows.

    Administrative · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • battery with external storage

    An EU Battery Regulation category for a battery whose energy is stored exclusively in one or more attached external devices.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • benchmark

    PEF reference point for average environmental performance of the representative product sold in the EU market.

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • biogenic carbon

    An ISO 14067 carbon-source term for carbon derived from biomass.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • board of directors

    A CRMA governance term for the administrative or supervisory body responsible for supervising executive management, or equivalent functions.

    Corporate governance · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • brand owner

    An NSW regulated-battery actor term that can include the person responsible for bringing a regulated battery into the State for supply.

    Administrative · NSW PLR Regulation

  • business partner

    A CSDDD relationship-scope term covering direct and indirect entities connected to a company’s operations, products, or services.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • business relationship

    The CSDDD linkage between a company and a business partner that helps determine where due-diligence obligations can attach.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • by-product

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for in-scope minerals or metals obtained from processing an outside-scope primary mineral or metal.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

C

  • Canada qualifying material

    Canada Income Tax Act section 127.49 list term for materials eligible in the clean technology manufacturing investment tax credit context.

    North America Critical Minerals · Canada Income Tax Act

  • Canada qualifying mineral activity

    Canada Income Tax Act section 127.49 activity-scope term for extraction, specified processing, recycling, synthetic graphite, spheronization, and coating activities.

    North America Critical Minerals · Canada Income Tax Act

  • carbon dioxide equivalent

    The ISO 14067 CO2-based comparison unit used to express different greenhouse gases on a common basis.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • carbon footprint

    Cross-source ESPR and EU Battery Regulation term for product-system greenhouse-gas emissions and removals expressed as CO2 equivalents.

    Environmental · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • carbon footprint of a product

    A product-level climate metric that combines greenhouse-gas emissions and removals for a product system in CO2-equivalent terms.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • carbon price

    The qualifying third-country carbon cost that may be recognised against CBAM exposure when linked to covered emissions from production.

    CBAM certificates & pricing · CBAM

  • CBAM certificate

    The electronic CBAM unit surrendered against embedded-emissions quantities; it is not a verification, product, or supplier certificate.

    CBAM certificates & pricing · CBAM

  • CE marking

    The EU marking by which the manufacturer indicates conformity with applicable requirements in relevant Union harmonisation legislation.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • certificate of compliance

    A UK ELV compliance certificate linked to producer compliance obligations under the End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations.

    Administrative · UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • certificate of deposit

    An India vehicle-scrapping certificate that recognises transfer of vehicle ownership to a registered scrapper for further treatment.

    Administrative · India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules

  • certificate of destruction

    A UK ELV certificate term for the document referred to in Part V of the End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations.

    Administrative · UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • certificate of vehicle scrapping

    An India vehicle-scrapping certificate that recognises final disposal of a vehicle.

    Administrative · India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules

  • chain of activities

    CSDDD’s legally bounded scope for upstream and selected downstream activities covered by corporate due diligence.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • chain of custody or supply chain traceability system

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation record of the sequence of economic operators with custody of minerals and metals through the supply chain.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • class of performance

    The ESPR ranking tool that groups products into ordered performance bands using the same methodology.

    Performance & Design · ESPR

  • collection

    The EU waste-law gathering step, including preliminary sorting and storage for transport to treatment.

    Environmental · EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU Waste Framework Directive

  • competent authority

    The Member State authority designated under CBAM Article 11 to administer specified CBAM functions.

    Administrative · CBAM, EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • competent authority of destination

    Waste Shipment Regulation term for competent authority of destination in cross-border waste movement workflows.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • competent authority of dispatch

    Waste Shipment Regulation term for competent authority of dispatch in cross-border waste movement workflows.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • competent authority of transit

    Waste Shipment Regulation term for competent authority of transit in cross-border waste movement workflows.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • component

    A product intended to be incorporated into another product under ESPR.

    Technical · ESPR

  • compostable packaging

    PPWR source-specific term for compostable packaging.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • conflict-affected and high-risk areas

    A regulatory term referring to conflict-affected and high-risk areas as defined in Article 2, point (f), of Regulation (EU) 2017/821.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation, EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • conformity assessment

    A process term for demonstrating whether specified CRMA, ESPR, or battery-product requirements have been fulfilled.

    Conformity and evidence · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • conformity assessment body

    A body that performs conformity-assessment activities such as calibration, testing, certification, or inspection.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • consignee

    WSR recipient under the country of destination jurisdiction to whom waste is shipped for recovery or disposal.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • consumer product

    A product, excluding components and intermediate products, primarily intended for consumers under ESPR.

    Technical · ESPR

  • country of origin

    An EUDR term pointing to the Union Customs Code country-or-territory concept used for origin, distinct from EUDR country of production.

    Administrative · EUDR, Union Customs Code

  • country of production

    The EUDR country or territory where the relevant commodity was produced.

    Administrative · EUDR

  • critical raw material

    A CRMA policy category for raw materials with high economic importance and supply risk under the EU assessment framework.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • critical raw material project

    A CRMA project-scope term for planned or significantly extended facilities active in extraction, processing or recycling of critical raw materials.

    Project governance · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • critical raw material type

    A CRMA classification term for differentiating a critical raw material by processing stage, composition, origin or production method.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • customer

    The ESPR downstream-use actor that purchases, hires, or receives a product for their own use.

    Actors & Responsibilities · ESPR

  • customs authorities

    The Member State customs administrations and empowered authorities that apply customs legislation in import workflows.

    Administrative · CBAM, Union Customs Code

  • customs declarant

    The person formally tied to a customs declaration for release for free circulation in the CBAM import workflow.

    Administrative · CBAM, Union Customs Code

  • customs territory of the Union

    The Union customs-space boundary used to decide where UCC customs rules and CBAM import logic apply.

    Administrative · CBAM, Union Customs Code

D

  • data carrier

    A machine-readable access layer connecting a physical product to the digital record or passport information behind it.

    Technical · ESPR, EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • dealer

    A multi-source commercial actor term whose exact role depends on whether the source concerns ESPR product offers, waste transactions, or US clean-vehicle credit workflows.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Waste Framework Directive, US IRA §30D

  • default value

    A CBAM fallback emissions value used when actual, supplier-specific evidence is unavailable or unusable.

    CBAM emissions accounting · CBAM

  • deforestation

    The EUDR land-use conversion concept: forest converted to agricultural use, whether human-induced or not.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • deforestation-free

    The EUDR pass/fail condition that commodities or products must meet: no post-2020 deforestation, plus forest-degradation checks for wood products.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • design for recycling

    PPWR source-specific term for design for recycling.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • destruction

    The ESPR term for intentionally damaging or discarding a product as waste, except delivery for preparation for reuse, refurbishment, or remanufacturing.

    Circularity & End-of-Life · ESPR

  • digital product passport

    A regulated product-specific data set that connects a product, model, batch, or item to required compliance, sustainability, circularity, and lifecycle information.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • digital product passport service provider

    An independent third-party authorised by the economic operator to process DPP data and make it available to entitled actors under ESPR.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • direct emissions

    CBAM emissions released by the relevant production processes of covered goods, distinct from facility-wide or corporate emissions totals.

    CBAM emissions accounting · CBAM

  • disassembly

    Disassembly matters for battery-passport implementation because end-of-life and service events often need to record what was separated, by whom, for what p

    Environmental · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • dismantling

    Dismantling matters because battery evidence systems need to distinguish pack-level or treatment-stage handling from the broader ideas of re-use, recycling

    Environmental · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • dismantling information

    Information required for correct and environmentally sound treatment of end-of-life vehicles.

    Technical · EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • disposal

    The non-recovery waste route, even where reclamation of substances or energy is a secondary consequence.

    Environmental · EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Waste Framework Directive, India Battery Waste Management Rules, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation

  • distance selling

    An ESPR sales-channel term for offering products for sale, hire, or hire purchase online or through other remote sales channels where the customer cannot physically access the product.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • distributor

    A downstream market-actor term for a person in the supply chain who makes products or batteries available without being the manufacturer or importer, subject to the source rule.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • downstream

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for the metal supply chain after smelters and refiners through to the final product.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • durability

    The ability of a product to maintain its function and performance over time under normal conditions of use.

    Performance & Design · ESPR, Green Claims / Empowering Consumers Directive

  • dynamic data

    Battery or product data that changes over time, such as condition, usage, service, telemetry, or lifecycle-status information.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, Open Data Directive

E

  • ecodesign

    The ESPR concept for integrating environmental sustainability considerations into product characteristics and value-chain processes.

    Environmental · ESPR

  • ecodesign requirement

    An ESPR requirement, either a performance requirement or an information requirement, aimed at improving product environmental sustainability.

    Environmental · ESPR

  • economic operator

    An ESPR and EU Battery Regulation umbrella actor category covering market roles such as manufacturer, importer, distributor, dealer, and fulfilment service provider.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation

  • Economic Operators Registration and Identification number (EORI number)

    The customs registration identifier assigned after registration for customs purposes under the UCC framework used by CBAM.

    Administrative · CBAM, Union Customs Code

  • electric motor

    A CRMA equipment term for a device converting electrical input power into rotational mechanical output power with rated output of at least 0,12 kW.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • electric vehicle battery

    A source-specific traction-battery category for batteries designed to power hybrid or electric vehicles, with EU thresholds that must be kept distinct from broader power-battery language.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • electrode active material

    U.S. 45X battery-manufacturing term covering cathode materials, anode materials, anode foils, and other electrochemically active inputs.

    Technical · US 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit

  • embedded emissions

    The CBAM emissions quantity attached to covered goods, combining direct production-process emissions and relevant electricity-related indirect emissions under CBAM methods.

    CBAM emissions accounting · CBAM

  • emissions

    The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from the production of goods in the CBAM production context.

    Environmental · CBAM

  • end-of-life

    The ESPR life-cycle stage that starts when a product is discarded and ends when its waste material returns to nature or enters another product life cycle.

    Circularity & End-of-Life · ESPR

  • end-of-life motor vehicle

    China source-specific ELV term for a motor vehicle that should be scrapped under the Road Traffic Safety Law.

    Waste & Circularity · China ELV Recycling Measures

  • end-of-life vehicle

    A vehicle that has become waste under end-of-life vehicle rules.

    Waste & Circularity · China ELV Recycling Measures, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules, Ontario End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • end-of-life vehicle recycling certificate

    China ELV proof document issued by a recycling enterprise to the motor-vehicle owner when an ELV is recovered.

    Administrative · China ELV Recycling Measures

  • end-of-life vehicle waste disposal site

    An Ontario ELV site category for waste disposal sites that manage end-of-life vehicles and permitted removed materials.

    Waste & Circularity · Ontario End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation

  • energy-related product

    An ESPR scope term for a product that has an impact on energy consumption during use.

    Technical · ESPR

  • environmental footprint

    A product-level measure of environmental impacts across the life cycle, broader than carbon footprint alone.

    Environmental · ESPR

  • environmental footprint (ef) impact assessment

    EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation method term for environmental footprint (ef) impact assessment.

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • environmental footprint (ef) impact category

    EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation method term for environmental footprint (ef) impact category.

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • environmental impact

    Any beneficial or adverse change to the environment resulting wholly or partly from a product during its life cycle.

    Environmental Performance · ESPR

  • environmentally adequate destination

    A Brazil battery-waste term for destinations that minimize environmental risks through collection, receipt, reuse, recycling, treatment, or final disposal procedures.

    Circularity · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008

  • environmentally sound management

    An India battery-waste rule term for managing waste batteries in a way that protects human health and the environment.

    Environmental · EU Waste Shipment Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • established in a Member State

    The CBAM actor-eligibility condition based on residence, registered office, headquarters, or permanent business establishment in a Member State.

    Administrative · CBAM

  • EU ETS

    The Union greenhouse gas emissions trading system that provides the carbon-market reference context for CBAM.

    Administrative · CBAM

  • EU ETS allowance

    The EU ETS allowance reference used by CBAM when pricing certificates against carbon-market values.

    Administrative · CBAM

  • exploration

    A CRMA activity term for identifying and establishing the properties of mineral occurrences before extraction decisions are made.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • extended producer responsibility

    An India battery-waste rule term for a producer’s responsibility for environmentally sound management of waste batteries.

    Administrative · India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • extended producer responsibility scheme

    The EU waste-law scheme where producers bear financial or financial and organisational responsibility for the waste stage.

    Administrative · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • extraction

    The CRMA upstream stage where raw materials are removed from their source, before processing or recycling changes the material form.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • extractive waste

    A CRMA incorporated-reference term for extractive waste under Directive 2006/21/EC, relevant to critical-raw-material recovery from mining waste streams.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • extractive waste facility

    A CRMA incorporated-reference facility term for a waste facility under Directive 2006/21/EC in the extractive-waste context.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

F

  • five major assemblies

    China ELV term for the engine, steering gear, transmission, front and rear axles, and frame.

    Technical · China ELV Recycling Measures

  • forest

    The EUDR land-cover threshold for forest: area, tree height, canopy cover, and land-use exclusions.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • forest degradation

    The EUDR forest-quality conversion concept relevant especially to wood products, separate from deforestation.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • fossil carbon

    An ISO 14067 carbon-source term for carbon contained in fossilized material.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

G

  • general exploration

    A CRMA exploration term for national- or regional-level exploration, excluding targeted exploration.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • global responsible smelters and refiners

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for smelters and refiners deemed to fulfil the Regulation’s requirements inside or outside the Union.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • global temperature change potential

    An ISO 14067 index for comparing global mean temperature response at a chosen time point.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • global warming potential

    An ISO 14067 index used to compare greenhouse gases by radiative forcing relative to carbon dioxide.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • goods

    The items in scope of a legal regime, with meaning shaped by the source rather than ordinary commercial language alone.

    Technical · CBAM, Green Claims / Empowering Consumers Directive

  • greenhouse gas

    A gas that contributes to climate change by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation, used in product carbon-footprint calculations.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • greenhouse gas emission

    An ISO 14067 inventory-flow term for the release of a greenhouse gas.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • greenhouse gas emission factor

    An ISO 14067 factor used to translate activity data into greenhouse-gas emissions.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • greenhouse gas removal

    An ISO 14067 climate-flow term for removal of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • greenhouse gases

    The CBAM-relevant greenhouse gases specified in Annex I for each covered goods category.

    Environmental · CBAM

  • grievance mechanism

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation early-warning risk-awareness mechanism for concerns about extraction, trade, handling, and export of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

H

  • harmonised standard

    A recognized EU standard referenced through Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 that can support conformity evidence under the relevant framework.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • hazardous substance

    EU Battery Regulation term for a substance classified as hazardous under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • hazardous waste

    A source-dependent waste term with India Battery Waste Management Rules and EU Waste Framework Directive layers.

    Environmental · EU Waste Framework Directive, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • heat pump

    A CRMA end-use equipment term for the part of a heating system that generates a temperature difference using an electric vapour compression cycle.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • high-quality recycling

    PPWR recycling process that preserves technical characteristics so recycled material can substitute primary raw material.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

I

  • illegal shipment

    WSR status for shipments carried out without required notification, consent, accurate documents, or other listed legal conditions.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • importation

    The CBAM customs event of release for free circulation, not merely physical shipment into Europe.

    Administrative · CBAM, Union Customs Code

  • importer

    An EU-established actor that places a product from a third country on the Union market under ESPR, with related source-specific meanings in battery and trade rules.

    Administrative · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008, CBAM, ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • in the course of a commercial activity

    EUDR activity carried out for processing, distribution to consumers, or use in the business of an operator or trader.

    Administrative · EUDR

  • independent operator

    An actor independent of the manufacturer that may participate in repair, maintenance, service, or information-access workflows.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • independent third-party verification

    A CSDDD assurance concept for external checks of a company’s compliance or parts of its chain of activities.

    Due Diligence · CSDDD

  • indirect emissions

    CBAM electricity-related emissions for electricity consumed during production processes of covered goods.

    CBAM emissions accounting · CBAM

  • industrial battery

    A source-specific battery category for industrial-use batteries and certain non-portable or heavier batteries in EU, UK, and India source texts.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • industrial robot

    A CRMA end-use equipment term for an automatically controlled, reprogrammable manipulator used in industrial automation.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • information requirement

    An ESPR obligation for a product to be accompanied by specified information.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • installation

    The CBAM facility anchor: a stationary technical unit where a production process is carried out.

    Technical · CBAM

  • intermediate product

    A product that still requires further manufacturing or transformation before it is suitable for end-users.

    Technical · ESPR

K

  • key market operators

    A CRMA supply-chain risk term for undertakings whose reliable functioning is important for critical raw material supply.

    Risk & due diligence · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

L

  • large company

    A CRMA threshold term for companies with more than 500 employees on average and over EUR 150 million in net worldwide turnover.

    Corporate scope · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • liable party

    An Australian federal product-stewardship actor concept for a person specified as liable in relation to a product under the rules.

    Administrative · Australia Recycling and Waste Reduction Act

  • life cycle

    The product stages from raw-material acquisition through production, use phase, and end-of-life treatment.

    Environmental · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, ISO 14067:2018

  • life cycle assessment

    The ISO 14067 LCA method concept for evaluating inputs, outputs, and potential impacts across a product system life cycle.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • life cycle impact assessment

    The ISO 14067 LCA phase for evaluating potential environmental impacts from inventory results.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • life cycle interpretation

    The ISO 14067 LCA phase for evaluating inventory and impact findings against the study goal and scope.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • life cycle inventory analysis

    The ISO 14067 LCA phase for compiling and quantifying product-system inputs and outputs.

    Environmental · ISO 14067:2018

  • light means of transport battery / LMT battery

    A sealed EU Battery Regulation battery category for light means of transport, weighing 25 kg or less and designed to provide electric power for wheeled vehicles powered by an electric motor or motor/battery combination.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

M

  • magnet coating

    A CRMA component-detail term for the protective layer generally used to protect magnets from corrosion.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • maintenance

    An ESPR lifecycle term for actions that keep a product in a condition where it can fulfil its intended purpose.

    Technical · ESPR

  • making available on the market

    An official EU product-law trigger for supplying a product on the Union market, used to identify which actor is carrying market-facing obligations.

    Market access · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, EUDR

  • management requirement

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for the minimum amount of batteries a producer is required to manage under section 13.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • manufacturer

    The actor that manufactures a product, or has it designed or manufactured, and markets it under their name or trademark under the relevant source rule.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • material footprint

    ESPR term for the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands.

    Environmental · ESPR

  • material recovery

    A recovery category excluding energy recovery and fuel reprocessing, including preparing for re-use, recycling, and backfilling.

    Environmental · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • material recycling

    PPWR source-specific term for material recycling.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • metals

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation material-scope term for metals containing or consisting of tin, tantalum, tungsten or gold.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • mineral occurrences

    A CRMA geology term for minerals occurring in a mass or deposit of potential economic interest.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • mineral supply chain

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for the system moving and processing minerals from extraction to final-product incorporation.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • minerals

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation material-scope term for listed ores and concentrates containing tin, tantalum or tungsten, and gold.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • mitigation strategies

    A CRMA resilience term for policies developed by an economic operator to reduce supply-disruption likelihood or damage to its activity.

    Risk & due diligence · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • model supply chain policy

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for a supply-chain policy conforming to OECD Due Diligence Guidance Annex II risk language.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • motor vehicle recycler

    NSW official guidance term for businesses involving buying or obtaining, demolishing or dismantling motor vehicles or vehicle parts and accessories.

    Waste & Circularity · NSW Motor Vehicle Recycler Guidance

  • motor vehicle recycler register

    NSW motor-vehicle-recycler evidence record for parts and whole vehicles received, sold, disposed of, or removed.

    Administrative · NSW Motor Vehicle Recycler Guidance

  • multi-stakeholder governance

    A CRMA governance term for a formal, meaningful and substantive stakeholder role in certification-scheme decision-making.

    Governance · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

N

  • national programme

    A CRMA planning term for a national or compiled set of programmes covering the entire territory and adopted by relevant authorities.

    Administrative · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • naturally regenerating forest

    Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration, including mixed or uncertain cases where natural regeneration is expected to dominate.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • non-compliant products

    Relevant products that do not comply with EUDR Article 3 conditions.

    Administrative · EUDR

  • non-rechargeable battery

    An EU Battery Regulation category for a battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • nonrepairable vehicle

    California Vehicle Code term for a vehicle that meets nonrepairable criteria, receives a nonrepairable vehicle certificate, and cannot be titled or registered.

    Waste & Circularity · California Vehicle Code Dismantler and Salvage Definitions

  • notified body

    A formally notified conformity assessment body with a specific role under the applicable EU framework.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • notifier

    WSR actor assigned the duty to notify for certain waste shipments originating from a Member State or imported/transiting waste.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

O

  • oecd due diligence guidance

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation reference term for the OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including its annexes and supplements.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • offtake agreement

    A CRMA contract term for a commitment to buy raw materials from, or financially support production by, a raw material project.

    Commercial · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • offtaker

    A CRMA commercial-actor term for an undertaking that has entered into an offtake agreement with a project promoter.

    Commercial · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • open battery passport

    A Minespider-defined battery-passport approach centered on interoperability, deployment flexibility, and reduced lock-in, not a formal EU legal term.

    Administrative · Minespider decision memo, Open Battery Passport

  • operator

    A source-specific role term: under EUDR, the market/export actor; under CBAM, the installation-control actor.

    Administrative · CBAM, EUDR

  • other wooded land

    Tree, shrub, or bush-covered land above EUDR thresholds that is not classified as forest and is not predominantly agricultural or urban land.

    Environmental · EUDR

P

  • packaging

    PPWR definition of packaging as an item used for containment, protection, handling, delivery, or presentation of products.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • packaging waste

    PPWR definition of packaging or packaging material that is waste, excluding production residues.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • packaging waste prevention

    PPWR source-specific term for packaging waste prevention.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • pef profile

    EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation term for the quantified results of a PEF study.

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • pef study

    EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation term for the actions needed to calculate PEF results.

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • performance requirement

    A quantitative or non-quantitative ESPR requirement for a product to achieve a specified performance level.

    Technical · ESPR

  • permanent magnet

    A CRMA component term for magnets that retain magnetism without an external field, relevant to strategic technologies and critical raw-material demand.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • permit-granting process

    A CRMA process term covering the permits, assessments and authorisations needed to build and operate a critical raw material project.

    Administrative · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • permitted facility

    EU Battery Regulation term for an establishment or undertaking permitted under Directive 2008/98/EC to treat waste batteries.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • person

    An EUDR legal-subject term covering natural persons, legal persons, and certain associations with capacity to perform legal acts.

    Administrative · CBAM, EUDR

  • person established in the Union

    An EUDR actor-location term covering EU residence, registered office, central headquarters, or permanent business establishment.

    Administrative · EUDR

  • person who arranges the shipment

    Waste Shipment Regulation term for person who arranges the shipment in cross-border waste movement workflows.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • placing on the market

    A market-entry timing term for the first making available of a product, battery, commodity or relevant product in a regulated market.

    Market access · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, EUDR, UK Batteries Placing on Market Regulations

  • plantation forest

    A planted forest that is intensively managed with one or two species, even age class, and regular spacing, subject to EUDR exclusions.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • planted forest

    Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting or deliberate seeding, expected to exceed 50 % of growing stock at maturity.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • portable battery

    A source-specific category term for sealed, hand-carried or low-weight batteries, with different boundaries in EU, UK, India, and Brazil source texts.

    Technical · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008, EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • portable battery of general use

    An EU Battery Regulation subset of portable batteries designed to be interoperable in common formats such as button cells, AA, AAA, C, D, and 9 Volt batteries.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • post-consumer waste

    Post-consumer waste matters for battery and product-passport systems because end-of-life evidence depends on whether material comes from use-stage returns,

    Environmental · DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • predictive map

    A CRMA mapping term for a map indicating areas likely to contain mineral occurrences of a given raw material.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • preliminary economic assessment

    A CRMA early-stage assessment term for the potential economic viability of recovering critical raw materials from extractive waste.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • premature obsolescence

    Avoidable early product failure or loss of performance caused by a design feature, action, or omission rather than normal wear and tear.

    Performance & Design · ESPR

  • preparation for re-use

    An EU Battery Regulation term that imports the Waste Framework Directive idea of checking, cleaning, or repairing waste products for re-use without other pre-processing.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • preparation for recycling

    An EU Battery Regulation pre-processing term for treating waste batteries before recycling, including storage, handling, pack dismantling, and separation of non-battery fractions.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • preparation for repurposing

    An EU Battery Regulation transition term for operations that prepare a waste battery, or parts of it, for a different purpose or application.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • preparing for re-use

    The EU waste-law recovery operation of checking, cleaning or repairing waste products or components for re-use.

    Environmental · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • primary battery

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a battery that can be used only once.

    Technical · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • primary forest

    Naturally regenerated native-species forest with no clearly visible human activity and no significant disturbance to ecological processes.

    Environmental · EUDR

  • processing

    The CRMA transformation stage where raw materials are made economically usable, distinct from extraction, recycling, metal working, and finished-good manufacturing.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • produced

    The EUDR origin-linking term that ties commodities to plots of land, or cattle to establishments.

    Technical · EUDR

  • producer

    A source-specific actor term for the entity a regulation treats as responsible for placing, supplying, selling, or managing batteries or products.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, Green Claims / Empowering Consumers Directive, India Battery Waste Management Rules, Ontario Batteries Regulation, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations, UK Waste Batteries Regulations

  • producer responsibility organisation

    An EU Battery Regulation actor that organizes extended producer responsibility obligations on behalf of several producers.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • producer responsibility organization

    An Ontario Batteries Regulation term for a person retained by a producer to carry out specified battery producer responsibilities.

    Administrative · Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • product

    The physical goods that ESPR treats as the basic object of ecodesign, information, passport, and market obligations.

    Technical · Australia Recycling and Waste Reduction Act, ESPR, ISO 14067:2018

  • product group

    A set of products that are similar in purpose, use, functional properties, and consumer perception under ESPR.

    Technical · ESPR

  • product presenting a risk

    An ESPR market-surveillance term for a product whose non-compliance with an ecodesign requirement could harm the environment or another protected public interest.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • product presenting a serious risk

    An ESPR escalation term for a product presenting a risk where non-compliance or harm requires rapid market-surveillance intervention.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • product stewardship criteria

    Federal Australian criteria for deciding when product stewardship may apply under the Recycling and Waste Reduction Act 2020.

    Administrative · Australia Recycling and Waste Reduction Act

  • product stewardship organisation

    An NSW product-stewardship actor used as the administration layer for regulated-battery stewardship arrangements.

    Administrative · NSW PLR Regulation

  • production processes

    The chemical and physical processes carried out to produce goods in an installation under CBAM.

    Technical · CBAM

  • professional repairer

    A person or business that provides professional repair or maintenance services for a product.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • project promoter

    A CRMA actor term for an undertaking or consortium developing a raw material project.

    Project governance · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • provider of an online marketplace

    An ESPR intermediary-service actor whose online interface lets customers conclude distance contracts for covered products with economic operators.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • putting into service

    A market-access timing term for the first use of a product or battery for its intended purpose in the Union.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

Q

  • QR code

    A machine-readable matrix code that links a physical battery or product to required digital information.

    Technical · DIN DKE SPEC 99100, EU Battery Regulation

R

  • rated capacity

    Declared battery capacity in ampere-hours under reference conditions.

    Technical · DIN DKE SPEC 99100, EU Battery Regulation

  • raw material

    The base material-identity layer in CRMA and product-passport records, before critical, strategic, recycled, or battery-specific classifications are applied.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • raw materials supply chain

    A CRMA boundary term for raw-materials value-chain activities up to the point where a raw material becomes an input for manufacturing intermediate or final products.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • raw materials value chain

    The CRMA stage map for raw materials, covering exploration, extraction, processing, and recycling rather than the full finished-product value chain.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • re-use

    A circularity term for keeping a product, component, battery, or material in use rather than sending it straight to recycling or disposal.

    Environmental · Brazil National Solid Waste Policy, DIN DKE SPEC 99100, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Waste Framework Directive, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • re-use system

    PPWR source-specific term for re-use system.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • rechargeable battery

    A source-specific battery category for batteries designed or able to be recharged and used more than once.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation, Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • recovery

    The EU waste operation where waste serves a useful purpose by replacing other materials or being prepared to do so.

    Environmental · EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Waste Framework Directive, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • recyclability

    PPWR compatibility concept linking packaging design to separate collection, sorting, recycling at scale, and replacement of primary raw materials.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • recycled content

    Working definition for recycled-material share in batteries, products, and permanent magnets, anchored in EU Battery Regulation, Ontario battery, and CRMA source context.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, Ontario Batteries Regulation

  • recycled metals

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for reclaimed end-user/post-consumer or scrap processed metals suitable for recycling into 3TG metals.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • recycler

    A downstream actor term for entities that carry out recycling, with EU, India, and Brazil source layers kept separate.

    Administrative · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008, EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • recycling

    A material-recovery term for reprocessing waste materials into products, materials, or substances, kept separate from re-use and other end-of-life steps.

    Environmental · Brazil National Solid Waste Policy, China ELV Recycling Measures, DIN DKE SPEC 99100, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Waste Framework Directive, India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • recycling efficiency

    An EU Battery Regulation performance metric comparing counted recycling output fractions with the input fraction of waste batteries.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • refill

    PPWR operation where an end-user or final distributor fills a packaging-function container with products bought from the final distributor.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • refill station

    PPWR place where a final distributor offers products that end users can buy through refill.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • refurbisher

    India Battery Waste Management Rules actor term for an entity engaged in refurbishment.

    Administrative · India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • refurbishment

    Actions that restore a product or discarded product to its originally intended range of performance and functionality.

    Circularity & End-of-Life · ESPR, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • registered vehicle scrapping facility

    An India vehicle-scrapping establishment registered to carry out dismantling and scrapping operations.

    Waste & Circularity · India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules

  • regulated battery

    A New South Wales battery-stewardship scope term for batteries covered by the NSW regulated-battery scheme.

    Technical · NSW PLR Regulation

  • relevant commodities

    The EUDR closed list of commodity categories that start the scope screen: cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya, and wood.

    Technical · EUDR

  • relevant products

    The EUDR Annex I product layer: specified goods that contain, were fed with, or were made using relevant commodities.

    Technical · EUDR

  • reliability

    The probability that a product functions as required for a given duration under given conditions without a function-ending event.

    Performance & Design · ESPR

  • remanufacturing

    A lifecycle-transition term for making a renewed product or battery from used, waste, or recovered objects under source-specific rules.

    Environmental · ESPR, EU Battery Regulation

  • removal

    A CRMA handling term for making targeted components or materials identifiable as a separate output stream or part of one.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • repair

    An ESPR lifecycle term for actions that return a defective product or waste to a condition where it fulfils its intended purpose.

    Technical · ESPR

  • representative product (model)

    EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation method term for representative product (model).

    Environmental Footprint Methodology · EU Environmental Footprint Recommendation

  • repurposing

    An EU Battery Regulation second-life outcome term for a non-waste battery, or parts of it, being used for a different purpose or application.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation

  • reserves

    The economically viable subset of mineral occurrences or deposits under the CRMA context, distinct from resources, exploration targets, or speculative supply.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • responsible entity

    An NSW regulated-battery switching concept that routes responsibility to a PSO when an agreement exists, or to brand owners when it does not.

    Administrative · NSW PLR Regulation

  • reverse logistics

    A Brazil National Solid Waste Policy term for returning solid waste to the business sector for reuse, production cycles, or environmentally appropriate final destination.

    Circularity · Brazil National Solid Waste Policy

  • risk management plan

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for risk management plan.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

S

  • secondary raw materials

    PPWR term for checked and sorted materials obtained through recycling processes that can substitute primary raw materials.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • self-regulation measure

    An ESPR voluntary agreement or code of conduct that economic operators conclude on their own initiative and are responsible for enforcing.

    Governance & Compliance · ESPR

  • separate collection

    EU waste collection where a stream is kept separately by type and nature to facilitate specific treatment.

    Environmental · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • shipment

    WSR definition of transport of waste destined for recovery or disposal across specified cross-border situations.

    Waste Shipment & Circularity · EU Waste Shipment Regulation

  • single-use packaging

    PPWR term for packaging that is not reusable packaging.

    Packaging & Circularity · EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

  • smelter and refiner

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for smelter and refiner.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • solid waste

    A Brazil National Solid Waste Policy term for discarded materials, objects, goods, contained gases, and certain liquids that require final destination handling.

    Waste · Brazil National Solid Waste Policy

  • starting, lighting and ignition battery / SLI battery

    A battery specifically designed to supply electric power for vehicle starting, lighting, or ignition and that may also support auxiliary or backup vehicle functions.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • state of charge

    A battery operational-status value expressing currently available energy as a share of rated capacity.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • state of health

    A battery-condition metric describing current capability relative to its original or rated condition, usually used for lifecycle, warranty, and second-life decisions.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • static data

    Stable product or battery master data that is expected to remain consistent unless a governed correction, design change, or version update occurs.

    Technical · Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/670, DIN DKE SPEC 99100

  • stationary battery energy storage system

    An industrial battery with internal storage designed for stationary deployment, storing and delivering electric energy to the grid or to end-users.

    Technical · EU Battery Regulation

  • Strategic Partnership

    A CRMA policy-instrument term for a non-binding cooperation commitment between the Union and a third country or overseas country or territory.

    Policy instrument · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • strategic raw material

    A CRMA material category for raw materials with high strategic importance to EU green, digital, defence, and aerospace technologies.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • strategic stock

    A CRMA supply-resilience term for raw material stored by a public or private operator for release during a supply disruption.

    Risk & due diligence · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • strategic technologies

    The CRMA technology context for key technologies instrumental to green and digital transitions, defence, and aerospace applications.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • substance of concern

    An ESPR category for substances that are hazardous or can negatively affect reuse, recycling, and product circularity.

    Materials & Chemicals · ESPR

  • supply chain

    A cross-source term for the activities and linkages involved in producing, moving, and supplying a product, with scope depending on the source.

    Administrative · ESPR, ISO 14067:2018

  • supply chain due diligence

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation obligations for Union importers to manage, audit, disclose, and address risks linked to conflict-affected and high-risk areas.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • supply chain due diligence scheme or due diligence scheme

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for voluntary due-diligence procedures, tools, mechanisms, and audits overseen by governments, industry associations, or interested organisations.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • supply disruption

    A CRMA risk event term for an unexpected significant decrease in raw-material availability or significant price increase beyond normal market volatility.

    Risk & due diligence · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • supply risk

    The CRMA assessment concept used to evaluate vulnerability of EU raw-material supply, distinct from supplier due-diligence or procurement scoring.

    Risk & due diligence · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • surrender

    The CBAM compliance-settlement action of offsetting certificates against declared embedded emissions.

    Administrative · CBAM

T

  • targeted exploration

    A CRMA exploration term for the detailed investigation of an individual mineral occurrence.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • technical specification

    A document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process, or service under ESPR.

    Technical · ESPR

  • temporary storage area

    A Türkiye ELV area where end-of-life vehicles are depolluted, dismantled, and temporarily held before transfer to a treatment facility.

    Waste & Circularity · Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation

  • tonne of CO2e

    The carbon-dioxide-equivalent unit used to express greenhouse-gas quantities under CBAM.

    Environmental · CBAM

  • total loss salvage vehicle

    California Vehicle Code term for certain damaged vehicles considered uneconomical to repair, excluding nonrepairable vehicles.

    Waste & Circularity · California Vehicle Code Dismantler and Salvage Definitions

  • traceability

    The ability to follow and substantiate a product, material, actor, process, claim, or data point through defined supply-chain or lifecycle stages.

    Technical · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation, General Food Law Regulation

  • trader

    The EUDR actor that makes relevant products available on the market without being the operator.

    Administrative · EUDR

  • treatment

    The waste-stage operation layer covering recovery or disposal operations and preparation before them.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, EU Waste Framework Directive, India Battery Waste Management Rules, India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules, Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation, UK End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations

  • treatment facility

    A Türkiye ELV facility licensed to carry out treatment activities such as cutting, shredding, and preparing ELV waste for recovery or disposal.

    Waste & Circularity · Türkiye End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation

U

  • U.S. 2022 final list of critical minerals

    Federal Register list of 50 minerals designated as U.S. critical minerals in 2022.

    North America Critical Minerals · U.S. 2022 Final List of Critical Minerals

  • U.S. critical mineral

    U.S. statutory designation term for minerals, elements, substances, or materials designated as critical by the Secretary of the Interior.

    North America Critical Minerals · U.S. Energy Act

  • Union extraction capacity

    A CRMA capacity metric for maximum annual production volumes of Union-based extractive operations involving strategic raw materials.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • Union harmonisation legislation

    EU legislation that harmonises the conditions for marketing products across the Union.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • union importer

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for union importer.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • Union processing capacity

    A CRMA capacity metric for maximum annual production volumes of Union-based processing operations for strategic raw materials.

    Materials & sourcing · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • Union recycling capacity

    A CRMA capacity metric for Union-based recycling operations that produce secondary raw materials from strategic raw-material waste streams.

    Circularity · EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • unique facility identifier

    A unique ESPR identifier for locations or buildings involved in a product’s value chain.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • unique identifier

    The battery-specific identity string that links a physical battery to the correct battery passport record.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • unique operator identifier

    A unique ESPR identifier for an actor involved in a product’s value chain.

    Administrative · ESPR

  • unique product identifier

    The ESPR product identity value that links a product, model, batch, or item to the correct digital product passport.

    Administrative · ESPR, EU Critical Raw Materials Act

  • unsold consumer product

    A consumer product that has not been sold and may trigger ESPR attention around inventory, disclosure, and destruction decisions.

    Circularity & End-of-Life · ESPR

  • upgrading

    A post-sale improvement that can enhance the functionality, performance, capacity or aesthetics of a product.

    Performance & Design · ESPR

  • upstream

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for the upstream mineral supply chain from extraction sites through smelters and refiners.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • used battery management plan

    A Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008 term for environmentally appropriate procedures covering used-battery discard, collection, storage, handling, recycling, reuse, treatment, or final disposal.

    Compliance · Brazil CONAMA Resolution 401/2008

V

  • value chain

    The full set of activities and processes connected to a product, from raw material sourcing through end-of-life.

    Supply Chain & Traceability · ESPR

  • vehicle scrapping

    India RVSF process from receiving an end-of-life vehicle through depollution, dismantling, material segregation, disposal of non-reusable parts, and issuance of a scrapping certificate.

    Waste & Circularity · China ELV Recycling Measures, India Vehicle Scrapping Facility Rules

  • verifiable date

    EU Conflict Minerals Regulation term for a date verifiable from physical date stamps on products or inventory lists.

    Conflict Minerals & Responsible Sourcing · EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

  • voluntary collection point

    A non-profit, commercial, or other economic undertaking or public body voluntarily collecting waste portable batteries or LMT batteries.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

W

  • waste

    The EU waste-law status for a substance or object the holder discards, intends to discard, or is required to discard.

    Environmental · Australia Recycling and Waste Reduction Act, EU Critical Raw Materials Act, EU Waste Framework Directive, ISO 14067:2018

  • waste battery

    A battery that has become waste under the relevant source framework, triggering collection, treatment, recycling, and producer-responsibility evidence workflows.

    Environmental · EU Battery Regulation, India Battery Waste Management Rules

  • waste holder

    The EU waste-law actor that is the waste producer or the person in possession of the waste.

    Administrative · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • waste management

    An umbrella term for the organized collection, transport, treatment, recovery, recycling, disposal, and supervision of waste.

    Environmental · Brazil National Solid Waste Policy, DIN DKE SPEC 99100, EU Waste Framework Directive

  • waste management operator

    A producer or third party acting on the producer’s behalf that performs separate collection and treatment of waste batteries.

    Administrative · EU Battery Regulation

  • waste material

    A federal Australian product-stewardship and waste-export term from the Recycling and Waste Reduction Act 2020.

    Environmental · Australia Recycling and Waste Reduction Act

  • waste producer

    The EU waste-law actor whose activities produce waste or alter waste through pre-processing, mixing, or other operations.

    Administrative · EU Waste Framework Directive

  • wind energy generator

    A CRMA end-use equipment term for the part of a wind turbine that converts rotor mechanical energy into electrical energy.

    Operational · EU Critical Raw Materials Act